Ways to Keep Your Home

Option A: Loan Modification

What is a Loan Modification? 

A loan modification changes the terms of your mortgage. If you’re behind on your loan, completing a loan modification gives you a fresh start and brings you current – usually by taking the past due amount and adding it to your loan as part of a new principal balance. 

The loan modification options available to you depend on a number of factors, including your mortgage company, who insures your mortgage, and the circumstances of your loan. Organizations that insure or back mortgage loans, such as the FHA, Fannie Mae, or Freddie Mac, also have detailed rules about how and when the loans they insure can be modified. 
A loan modification may change the terms of your loan to: 

• Give you more time to repay the loan (for example 40 years instead of 30 years).
• Change your interest rate, or change your interest rate from an adjustable rate to a fixed rate. Keep in mind that some servicers set the interest rate at the market rate, even if this causes your monthly payments to increase.
• Move a portion of your loan balance to the “back end” of your mortgage, due as a zero interest “balloon” payment, so that interest is charged only on a part of your principal balance instead of the whole thing. 

Reach out to your mortgage company to determine whether you are eligible for a loan modification, and what loan modification options are available to you.

Should I consider a loan modification?

Loan modification is a common way to keep your home after missing mortgage payments. A loan modification can be a good option if you are behind on your mortgage but now you can afford to make payments, but can’t afford to pay everything you owe all at once.

Completing a loan modification will bring you current on the loan. If there is a related foreclosure court case, that case will be dismissed after you have completed a loan modification.
Loan modifications vary; it is possible that a loan modification may cause your monthly payments and interest rate to go up. Make sure you understand the new terms of your new loan before agreeing to a loan modification.

How can I get a loan modification?

1. Contact your mortgage company

Tell your mortgage company you want to be reviewed for a loan modification. Some mortgages may be eligible for a “streamlined” loan modification, meaning you do not have to fill out an application and provide documents to be reviewed. Ask your mortgage company or their lawyer if they can offer a “streamlined” loan modification. A housing counselor or lawyer may also be able to help you figure out if you should qualify for any special or streamlined options.

Depending on the type of loan you have, you may need to complete a “loss mitigation” application to be considered for a loan modification. If one is required, the mortgage company or their lawyer can provide one to you.

Fill out the application and send it to your mortgage company and its lawyer. The mortgage company usually asks for financial documents as part of this application. Give the mortgage company all the documents they ask for (even if you’ve already given the same documents before). Keep a copy of the application for your records.

If you have a foreclosure court case, send a copy of the completed application and all documents to the mortgage company’s lawyer too.

The process of completing the application to the mortgage company’s satisfaction can take time and effort. Pay attention to any letters the mortgage company sends you about your application and make sure you get them documents by any deadline they set. Don’t give up.
If you need help filling out an application, contact a housing counselor by calling the DC Foreclosure Prevention Hotline at (202) 265-2255.

2. The mortgage company will review your application

   After the mortgage company has informed you that your application is complete, they have 30 days to let you know if you’re approved for a loan modification, denied, or if they need more information or documents. They might ask more questions about your income or hardship or for more financial documents before making their decision. The mortgage company could also review your application for other options besides a loan modification.

3. Complete a trial plan.

   If you’re approved for a possible loan modification, the mortgage company might need you to complete a “trial plan.” A trial plan is a test run of the modification payments that typically lasts 3 to 6 months. 

   You must make a certain number of monthly payments during the trial plan before the mortgage company will permanently modify your loan. The trial plan shows the mortgage company that you can make the monthly payments regularly. For some mortgages, you will need to sign an agreement to accept the trial plan.

4. Sign the modification documents.

   After you complete the trial plan (if one is required), the mortgage company will review the details of your loan for a final (or “permanent”) modification. If you are approved for a modification, the mortgage company will mail you documents. You will need to sign the modification documents (and typically get them notarized) and mail them back to the mortgage company before the deadline they provide. Deadlines to return modification documents can be very short, so pay close attention to the instructions. 

5. Your loan is permanently modified.

   After you send back the signed documents, the mortgage company will process the loan modification. That means:

• The loan modification brings your loan up to date, so you are no longer behind on your mortgage. 

• Your monthly mortgage statement should show that you are current on your payments as of the date that you modified the loan. 

  If there is a foreclosure court case, then the lawyer for the mortgage company should dismiss the court case and send you a copy of the dismissal. 

  
  If you’re named on the deed but aren’t the person who borrowed the money (so you aren’t named on the mortgage loan), you may still be able to apply for a loan modification – for example if you are the owner of the home after a divorce or if you inherited the home after someone’s death. If you are approved for modification in one of these situations, you will probably have to take over the loan (“assume” the loan). These cases can be complicated, and you should talk to a lawyer about your options.

Option B: Repayment Plan

What is a repayment plan? 

A repayment plan allows you to resume your monthly payments, plus pay extra to repay your debt over time. 

With a traditional repayment plan, you may be required to repay your debt over a period of six to twelve months. Talk to your mortgage company to see what repayment plan may be available to you.

Should I consider a repayment plan?

A repayment plan can be a good option if you fell on hard times in the past but now you can afford the mortgage payments plus extra each month. 

If you have a low interest rate, a repayment plan may be a good option to keep your current interest rate, even if you can’t afford to repay your past due amount all at once.

Option C: Bankruptcy Repayment Plan

What is a bankruptcy repayment plan? 

A bankruptcy repayment plan lets you keep your home by repaying your debts in installments over three to five years. 

Should I consider a bankruptcy plan?

A bankruptcy repayment plan can be a good option if you fell on hard times in the past but now you can afford the mortgage payments plus installment payments. Filing for bankruptcy may give you more time to repay your debt than a traditional repayment plan (Option B).
Sometimes people worry that filing bankruptcy will hurt their credit. However, homeowners who are behind on mortgage payments or are facing foreclosure usually already have suffered harm to their credit. 

Bankruptcy can offer a way to keep your home and create an opportunity to rebuild your credit in the future. If you are interested in exploring bankruptcy, you should talk with a bankruptcy attorney. The Bar Association of DC Bankruptcy Access to Justice Project has a panel of bankruptcy attorneys who offer representation for a reduced-fee in bankruptcy repayment plan (Chapter 13) cases. You can submit a request form to find a reduced fee bankruptcy attorney here. More info about the Bankruptcy Access to Justice Project is here.

Option D: Reinstatement

What is reinstatement? 

Reinstatement is when you pay all the overdue amount of the mortgage and fees at once. For example, if you missed 6 months of payments, you need to pay in one lump sum 6 times your monthly payment – plus fees – to reinstate. After reinstating, you must keep making the monthly mortgage payments to stay current on the loan. 

Should I consider reinstatement?

Reinstatement can be a good option if you have funds available to bring your mortgage current. 

How can I reinstate my loan?

Ask for a written reinstatement quote and payment instructions from the mortgage company. The reinstatement quote can expire quickly, and a different amount might be due after the expiration date (often called a “good through” date). 
 

Option E: Refinance

What is refinancing?

Refinancing means taking out a new loan that pays off and replaces the old loan. 

Should I consider refinancing? 

Refinancing might be a good choice if:

• You’re named on the deed; and
• You have the income and credit to qualify for a new loan with a reasonable interest rate. 

Common situations in which refinancing might be an option are when you are the owner of the home but are not named on the mortgage – for example if you are the owner of a home after a divorce, and only your ex-spouse was named on the mortgage. Or if you inherited your home after someone’s death, and the deceased person was the only one named on the mortgage. This is because your credit would not be harmed by missed mortgage payments on someone else’s loan. 

You might not be able to refinance if you don’t have enough income to qualify for a new loan. You also might not be able to refinance if you are behind on your mortgage or have other debts that negatively impact your credit. 

Beware of foreclosure rescue schemes. Some refinancing options are frauds or bad deals, so make sure you carefully review any documents before you refinance. Be particularly careful of any deal that asks you to sign over the deed to your home, even temporarily. That is a sign of a scam.

How can I refinance a loan?

• First ask the mortgage company or their lawyer for a letter stating the total payoff amount of the loan. This is called a “payoff quote.” The payoff quote can expire quickly, and a different amount might be due after the expiration date (often called the “good through” date).
• Then apply for a refinance loan with different banks. Shop around to find the best loan.
• Make sure that you understand the proposed terms before agreeing to take out a mortgage loan. Get information about the mortgage process at www.consumerfinance.gov/mortgage.